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1931 China floods
The 1931 Central China floods or the Central China floods of 1931 were a series of floods that occurred in the Republic of China. The floods are generally considered among the deadliest natural disasters ever recorded, and almost certainly the deadliest of the 20th century (when pandemics and famines are discounted).〔Pietz, David (2002). ''Engineering the State: The Huai River and Reconstruction in Nationalist China 1927–1937''. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-93388-9. pg xvii, pg 61–70.〕 Estimates of the total death toll range from 145,000〔 to between 3.7 million and 4 million.〔("Dealing with the Deluge" ). PBS NOVA Online. 26 March 1996. Retrieved 12 February 2013.〕〔Glantz, Mickey. Glantz, Michael H (2003). ''Climate Affairs: A Primer''. Island Press. ISBN 1-55963-919-9. pg 252.〕〔("NOAA'S top global weather, water and climate events of the 20th century" ). NOAA.gov. 13 December 1999. Retrieved 29 November 2012.〕
==Meteorological causes==
From 1928 to 1930, a long drought afflicted China.〔 By some accounts, abnormal weather over central China began in the winter of late 1930. Heavy snowstorms in the winter were followed by a spring thaw and heavy rains that raised river levels significantly. The rain grew heavier in July and August 1931.〔 1931 was also characterized by extreme cyclone activity—in July of that year alone, nine cyclones hit the region, whereas on average only two occur per year.〔
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